The Effect of Oleic Acid-Enriched Diet in Hybrid Groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) upon Infection with Vibrio vulnificus Using an LC-qTOF-MS Approach

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact oleic acid supplements on liver metabolome hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. Oleic used as a fish feed supplement because it has been reported enhance immune response fish. After six weeks feeding trials control and experimental diets (oleic immunostimulant), 10 were randomly selected from each treatment V. vulnificus by immersion for 30 min. seven days post-bacterial challenge, samples surviving infected groupers dissected metabolomics fingerprinting using liquid chromatography coupled quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS). results then analyzed MetaboAnalyst 5.0 SIMCA+P software. From analyses conducted, out 639 primary metabolites detected, total 66 significantly identified fed diets. Further analysis also showed that have different discriminating clustering based PLS-DA analysis. Based Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, known pathways high values are alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism (0.13) followed purine (0.05). Moreover, these highly impacted metabolic pathways, L-glutamine (8.71%), L-lysine (4.05%), L-carnitine (11.53%), inosine (10.49%) several abundant in sample dietary acid. changes contributed improving system Thus, our advance understanding immunological regulation groupers’ toward immunostimulants against infection.